A new way to solve the quantum dot problem provides a vision for measuring the number of qubits in quantum systems, which represents a breakthrough in quantum computing.
Scientists have developed a similar method for solving many quantum dot problems using a chessboard with several control lines. This makes the work of the largest gate-defined quantum dot system ever. Their results are an important step towards the development of scalable quantum systems for quantum technologies.
Quantum dots can be used to house qubits, the building blocks of quantum computers. Now each qubit needs its own string and special electronics. This is impractical and in stark contrast to today's computer systems that run only a few thousand or even thousands of transistors.
Sounds like a chessboard
QuTech (in collaboration with Delft University and TU Delft) Researchers at Technology (TU Delft) and TNO have developed a similar method for dealing with quantum dots. Just as the positions of a chessboard can be expressed by combinations of letters (A to H) and numbers (1 to 8), quantum dots can be expressed by combinations of horizontal and vertical lines. Each item on the chessboard can be identified and addressed using a combination of letters and numbers. Their method takes cutting-edge technology to a new level, enabling the operation of 16 quantum dot systems in a 4×4 array.
First author Francesco Borsoi explains: "This new way of dealing with quantum dots facilitates the advancement of many qubits. If a single qubit is controlled and read using a single threaded metal, millions of qubits require millions of control lines. This method is not very efficient. But if qubits can be controlled using our checkerboard system, millions of qubits can be "just" manipulated using thousands of wires; this is a similar cost to computer chips. The reduction in wiring offers hope to increase the number of qubits and represents a breakthrough for quantum computers, which will require millions of qubits. "
The increase in quality and quantity
Quantum computers not only require millions of qubits, but the quality of the qubits is crucial. Last author and research director Menno Veldhorst said: "We've just demonstrated this. It turns out that these qubits can work with 99.992% accuracy. This is the highest of any quantum dot system, meaning an average error of less than 1 per 10,000 operations. These advances have been made possible by improving control systems and using germanium as the main material, which has many properties that facilitate quantum manipulation. "
First Applications in Quantum Simulation
Because quantum computing is in its early stages and in development, the fastest method for true quantum advantage needs to be considered. In other words: When will a quantum computer be "better" than a supercomputer? Simulating quantum physics is a good result because the interaction of quantum dots is based on the principles of quantum mechanics. It turns out that quantum dot systems can be very useful for quantum simulations.
Veldhorst: "In another recent publication, we showed that arrays of germanium quantum dots can be used for quantum simulations." This work is the first coherent quantum simulation using standard semiconductor fabrication materials. Veldhorst: "We are able to perform important simulations of resonant valence bonds". Although this experiment only relies on small devices, performing simulations on large systems can solve longstanding problems in physics.
Future work
Veldhorst concluded: “It is very exciting that we have taken several steps towards moving to larger machines, improving performance and reaching quantum computing and simulation time. How big checkerboard circuits we can make, and given the limit, still remains an open question whether we can interact with many checkerboard circuits using quantum couplings to create larger circuits. "
Reference: "Joint control of 16 Semiconductor Quantum Dot Intermittent Arrays" Author: Francesco Borsoi, Nico W. Hendrickx, Valentin John, Marcel Meyer, Sayr Motz, Floor van Riggelen, Amir Sammak, Sander L. de Snoo, Giordano Scappucci and Menno Veldhorst, August 28, 2023, Nature Nanotechnology.
DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01491-3
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